A malignant tumor that develops in the cells of the breast is termed as breast cancer. There are different kinds of breast cancer, and the type of cancer depends on which cells in the breast turn cancerous. It can begin in different parts of the breast and spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels. Mostly it begins in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer stages range from 0-4. The treatments for breast cancer differ for every patient and depend on the stage and extent of the disease. A patient’s age, general health conditions, and the spread of cancer plays an important role while choosing a treatment. 1. Stage 0 (DCIS) If the cancer cells are confined to the milk ducts, it is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). It can become invasive and spread beyond the ducts. Treatments for breast cancer in this stage include: Surgery One can get a lumpectomy where only cancer cells are removed, sparing the rest of the breast. If DCIS is found throughout the breast, a mastectomy is performed where the breast is removed. After a mastectomy, one can choose to have breast reconstruction surgery. Radiation therapy This therapy is recommended after lumpectomy for stage 0 breast cancers.

Tremors and dyskinesia are symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and they involve involuntary movements of the body that at times appear similar, but they are treated differently. About 70% of people with Parkinson’s will feel tremors at some time, while 40-50% will go through dyskinesia after about five years of starting treatment. In short, dyskinesia and tremors are a part of Parkinson’s, the latter has a rhythmic back and forth movement with most tremors occurring in the hand. They are more prominent when medications for Parkinson’s are wearing off. On the other hand, dyskinesia is most often a side effect of a medication called levodopa that is used to treat Parkinson’s. It usually starts on the same side of the body that’s affected by Parkinson’s. At first, it might be mild, but it can get worse. Some of the symptoms are swaying, head bobbing, or fidgeting. For many, the movements can be uncomfortable and could interrupt a person’s daily routine. Both dyskinesia and tremors can be controlled through medication. Let’s find out the various treatment options for them. 1. Change Levodopa dose Both dyskinesia and tremors can occur when the amount of dopamine in the brain increases. Once the drug wears off, those levels drop, and these changes may cause dyskinesia.

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver that is commonly caused by a viral condition. However, there are some other causes too. These include autoimmune hepatitis and the ones that occur due to the secondary result of certain medicines, alcohol, and toxins. There are five different types of hepatitis. The treatment is given as per the type. Some types of hepatitis can be prevented through lifestyle changes and vaccinations. 1. Types of hepatitis A viral infection of the liver can be categorized into hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Usually hepatitis A is an acute form that lasts for a shorter period while B, C, and D are likely to become chronic and long-term. Hepatitis E is quite acute and is usually occurs in pregnant women. Let’s understand all the types of hepatitis in detail: Hepatitis A It is caused due to the infection of hepatitis A virus or HAV. It is usually transmitted through feces-contaminated food or water of a person who already has the infection. Hepatitis B This infection is transmitted through contact with infectious blood, semen, or vaginal secretions that contain the hepatitis B virus (HBV). You are at a higher risk of getting it through infected injections, sex with an infected person, or sharing razors.

Prostate cancer develops when there is an abnormal growth of cells in the prostate, an organ of the male reproductive system. This condition progresses slowly. If low grade, a majority of men can live with it for many years without it being life-threatening. However, if high grade, it can quickly become lethal, unless managed on-time. There are no symptoms of prostate cancer in the early stages of the disease. Moreover, the symptoms may vary among people. It is imperative to go for routine screenings in the form of a digital rectal exam and prostate-specific androgen tests. Although there is no explanation for the exact causes of prostate cancer, there are certain factors that are linked to the development of this condition. Prostate cancer and its risk factors can include: 1. Genetics Genetics control cell growth and its functions in one’s body. Everyone inherits a set of genes (DNA) from both parents. Any change in the genes could be a potential prostate cancer risk factor. Prostate cancer is caused when changes occur in the DNA of normal prostate cells. It is important to note that prostate cancer cannot be inherited. However, a man can inherit the genes or acquire the changes in the genes that will significantly increase the risks.

Renal cancer, also known as hypernephroma, renal adenocarcinoma, or kidney cancer, is the most common type of kidney cancer found in adults. This cancer spreads fast to the surrounding organs. The kidney helps the body get rid of the waste while maintaining the fluid balance. The kidney contains tiny tubes called tubules. These tubes filter the blood, remove the waste, and produce urine. Renal cancer causes the cells to grow in the lining of the tiny tubules in the kidney. 1. Can kidney cancer be found early? In most cases, kidney cancer is found early in the stage when it is still confined to the kidney. However, at times, it could be found in the more advanced stages due to the following reasons: The cancer cells multiply without causing any pain As the kidneys are deep inside the body, the tumors cannot be felt or seen Screening tests are not conclusive when it comes to renal cancer in the early stages 2. What are the symptoms of renal cancer? When kidney cancer is in its early stages, the individual might not observe any symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may be present: Blood in the urine Unexpected weight loss Loss of appetite Fatigue Lump in the abdomen Eyesight issue Pain in the side Sudden growth of unexpected hair 3.